|
Record 1 from
database: MEDLINE
 Return
To Top
- Title
- Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and
clinical parameters.
- Author
- Glen AI; Cooper SJ; Rybakowski J; Vaddadi K;
Brayshaw N; Horrobin DF
- Address
- Highland Psychiatric Research Group, Craig
Dunain Hospital, Inverness, UK.
- Source
- Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 1996
Aug, 55:1-2, 9-15
- Abstract
- Clinical definitions of schizophrenia are
unreliable and difficult to use. The niacin flush
test, which involves prostaglandin-induced
vasodilatation, offers a method of exploring
essential fatty acid metabolism in schizophrenic
patients and may serve to define a subgroup of
patients. In a multicentre study of schizophrenic
patients with negative symptoms, we have examined
the clinical accompaniments of the niacin
response. Patients failing to flush with niacin
showed significantly reduced levels of arachidonic
and docosahexaenoic acids. Conversion from
non-flushing to flushing during the 6 month
supplementation period was predicted by an
increase in arachidonic acid levels in red blood
cell membranes irrespective of nature of
supplementation. In this study, patients were
selected for their negative symptoms and,
therefore, it was not surprising that further
measures of negative or positive symptoms did not
predict flushing. However, an increased score for
affective symptoms was significantly associated
with a positive flush response. The stability of
the niacin test needs to be examined in relation
to the periodicity of symptoms in schizophrenia
and manic depressive illness. New information on
the anandamide system suggests that it may be
associated with periodic phenomena and should be
investigated in relation to the niacin test.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97042919
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|AD/*TU; Fatty Acids,
Essential|AD/*BL/*TU; Flushing|*CI; Niacin|AE/*DU;
Schizophrenia|*BL/DT
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Antipsychotic Agents|PD; Arachidonic
Acids|BL; Capsules; Cell Membrane|CH; Clozapine|PD;
Comparative Study; Docosahexaenoic Acids|BL;
Double-Blind Method; Erythrocytes|CY/UL; Female;
Human; Male; Middle Age; Psychiatric Status Rating
Scales
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER
STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0952-3278
- Country of Publication
- SCOTLAND
Record 2 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Co-distribution of sensory gating and impaired
niacin flush response in the parents of
schizophrenics.
- Author
- Waldo MC
- Address
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado
Health Sciences and Denver Veteran's
Administration Medical Center, 80262, USA.
Merilyne.Waldo@UCHSC.edu
- Source
- Schizophr Res, 1999 Nov, 40:1, 49-53
- Abstract
- Complex illnesses may result from the
interaction or addition of multiple factors. We
examined the familial co-distribution of two
abnormalities common in schizophrenia: impaired
auditory sensory gating and impaired flush
response to niacin. In ten families, the obligate
carrier parent had sensory-gating deficits, while
eight of the ten parents without a family history
of schizophrenia had impaired flush response. No
parents had both deficits. The data are consistent
with a theory suggesting the interaction of these
two factors in some cases of schizophrenia.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 20007020
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory|*; Flushing|*GE;
Niacin|*PD; Parents|*; Perceptual
Disorders|*DI/*GE; Schizophrenia|*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0920-9964
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
Record 3 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Release of markedly increased quantities of
prostaglandin D2 in vivo in humans following the
administration of nicotinic acid.
- Author
- Morrow JD; Parsons WG 3d; Roberts LJ 2d
- Address
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37232.
- Source
- Prostaglandins, 1989 Aug, 38:2, 263-74
- Abstract
- Nicotinic acid (niacin) is a B vitamin which is
also a potent hypolipidemic agent. However,
intense flushing occurs following ingestion of
pharmacologic doses of niacin which greatly limits
its usefulness in treating hyperlipidemias.
Previous studies have demonstrated that
niacin-induced flushing can be substantially
attenuated by pre-treatment with cyclooxygenase
inhibitors, suggesting that the vasodilation is
mediated by a prostaglandin. However, the
prostaglandin that presumably mediates the flush
has not been conclusively determined. In this
study we report the finding that ingestion of
niacin evokes the release of markedly increased
quantities of PGD2 in vivo in humans. PGD2 release
was assessed by quantification of the PGD2
metabolite, 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2, in plasma by
gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Following
ingestion of 500 mg of niacin in three normal
volunteers, intense flushing occurred and plasma
levels of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 were found to
increase dramatically by 800, 430, and 535-fold.
Levels of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 reached a maximum
between 12 and 45 min. after ingesting niacin and
subsequently declined to near normal levels by 2-4
hours. Levels of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 in plasma
correlated with the intensity and duration of
flushing that occurred in the 3 volunteers.
Release of PGD2 was not accompanied by a release
of histamine which was assessed by quantification
of plasma levels of the histamine metabolite, N
tau-methylhistamine. This suggests that the origin
of the PGD2 release is not the mast cell. Only a
modest increase (approximately 2-fold) in the
urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite,
2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, occurred following
ingestion of niacin and no increase in the
excretion of the major urinary metabolite of PGE2
was found. These results indicate that the major
vasodilatory PG released following ingestion of
niacin is PGD2. The fact that markedly increased
quantities of PGD2 are released suggests that PGD2
is the mediator of niacin-induced vasodilation in
humans.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 89367978
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Niacin|*PD; Prostaglandin D2|BL/*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Chromatography, Ion Exchange;
Dinoprost|BL; Dinoprostone|ME/UR; Epoprostenol|ME;
Flushing|CI; Histamine|ME; Histamine Release;
Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0090-6980
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 4 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- A comparison between nicotinic acid and acipimox
in hypertriglyceridaemia--effects on serum lipids,
lipoproteins, glucose tolerance and tolerability.
- Author
- Tornvall P; Walldius G
- Address
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska
Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Source
- J Intern Med, 1991 Nov, 230:5, 415-21
- Abstract
- Serum and lipoprotein lipid levels, oral glucose
tolerance and side-effects were compared in an
open cross-over study of 31 non-diabetic patients
with hypertriglyceridaemia (type II B and IV)
before and after 6 weeks of treatment with
nicotinic acid (3 g daily) and acipimox (0.75 g
daily), a new nicotinic acid-like drug,
respectively. Acipimox was about equally potent in
reducing serum and VLDL lipid levels and in
increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Acipimox had no
significant negative effects on glucose metabolism
measured by an oral glucose tolerance test
compared with nicotinic acid, which decreased the
late glucose tolerance as well as the area under
the glucose curve (P less than 0.05 for the
difference between the two treatments). The
incidence and severity of flush or any other
recorded side-effects was higher after nicotinic
acid treatment than after acipimox. In addition,
no effects on laboratory parameters such as liver
enzymes and uric acid were seen after treatment
with acipimox. The results of this study
demonstrate that acipimox is a satisfactory
alternative to nicotinic acid in patients with
hypertriglyceridaemia.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92044282
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Antilipemic Agents|AE/*TU; Hypercholesterolemia,
Familial|BL/*DT; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV|BL/*DT;
Niacin|AE/*TU; Pyrazines|AE/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Blood Glucose|DE; Comparative Study;
Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Lipids|BL;
Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0954-6820
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 5 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Preliminary report of the effects of propranolol
HCl on the discomfiture caused by niacin.
- Author
- Estep DL; Gay GR; Rappolt RT Sr
- Address
-
- Source
- Clin Toxicol, 1977, 11:3, 325-8
- Abstract
- Subjective discomfort caused by nausea and hot,
pruritic skin has been described in patients after
ingestion of therapeutic dosages of niacin is
shown by this study to be alleviated by
propranolol HC1. A dosage of 2 mg, I.V., given
incrementally, in a clinical trial of six patients
is described. The peripheral vasodilator effects
of niacin were attenuated in some subjects but not
in others. However, all subjects reported relief
of unpleasant symptoms. Serial vital signs were
taken and no significant changes were found. It is
postulated that propranolol HC1 exerts a calmative
effect at the CNS level. In a series that utilized
doses of 40 and 80 mg of propranolol HC1 taken
orally 30 min prior to the ingestion of 500 or
1000 mg of niacin, a progressive increase in the
onset of the niacin flush was observed. It is
proposed that as the available plasma level of
propranolol HC1 falls, the ratio of niacin to
propranolol HC1 increases, exceeding the threshold
at which the flush occurs. Both these studies
suggest that further work is indicated to
establish the possible therapeutic efficacy of
propranolol HC1.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 78023258
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Nausea|CI/*PC; Nicotinic Acids|*AE/AI/TU;
Propranolol|*TU; Pruritus|CI/*PC
- MeSH Heading
- Clinical Trials; Human; Hyperlipidemia|DT
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0009-9309
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 6 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Schizophrenia: a biochemical disorder?
- Author
- Horrobin DF
- Address
-
- Source
- Biomedicine, 1980 May, 32:2, 54-5
- Abstract
- There is evidence that schizophrenia may be
related to excess biological activity of dopamine,
deficient synthesis of a prostaglandin and to the
presence of a normal opioid in excess or of an
abnormal opioid. These three groups of
observations seem to be interrelated since opioids
are able to inhibit the formation of prostaglandin
E1 and prostaglandin E1 and dopamine inhibit each
other's effects. A low prostaglandin E1 level will
therefore produce and apparent dopamine excess.
Niacin causes flushing, apparently by stimulating
production of prostaglandin E1. Much larger doses
of oral niacin are required to produce flushing in
schizophrenics than in normal individuals. Most
schizophrenics do not flush when given 250 mg
orally and this may be a simple
biochemically-based test for a major group of
schizophrenics.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 80221358
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Schizophrenia|*ET/ME
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Dopamine|PH; Endorphins|PH; Human;
Nicotinic Acids|PD; Prostaglandins E|DF/ME; Rats
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0300-0893
- Country of Publication
- FRANCE
Record 7 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Reduced levels of prostaglandin precursors in
the blood of atopic patients: defective
delta-6-desaturase function as a biochemical basis
for atopy.
- Author
- Manku MS; Horrobin DF; Morse N; Kyte V; Jenkins
K; Wright S; Burton JL
- Address
-
- Source
- Prostaglandins Leukot Med, 1982 Dec, 9:6, 615-28
- Abstract
- In the plasma phospholipids of a group of 50
young adults with atopic eczema, there was an
elevation of cis-linoleic acid associated with a
deficit of gamma-linolenic acid and of the
prostaglandin precursors, dihomogammalinolenic
acid and arachidonic acid. This suggests that
atopics have a deficit in the function of the
delta-6-desaturase enzyme which converts linoleic
acid to gamma-linolenic acid. Carriers of cystic
fibrosis tend to be phenotypically atopic,
supporting previous suggestions that in homozygote
cystic fibrosis patients the key defect may be in
the delta-6-desaturase enzyme. Atopic patients may
be exceptionally sensitive to side effects of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. They fail
to flush in response to application of niacin
compounds to the skin, a reaction mediated by
prostaglandins. A deficit of prostaglandin
precursors would explain both of these
observations. That the observed biochemical
deficit plays a causative role in the
manifestations of atopy was indicated by the fact
that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled
crossover trial, gamma-linolenic acid in the form
of evening primrose oil (Efamol), partially
corrected both the biochemical abnormalities and
the clinical state.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83117935
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Dermatitis, Atopic|*BL/EN; Eczema|*BL/EN; Fatty
Acid Desaturases|*DF; Linolenic Acids|*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Fatty Acids|BL; Human; Linoleic Acids|BL
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL;
JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0262-1746
- Country of Publication
- SCOTLAND
Record 8 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Drug and nutrient interactions in the elderly
diabetic.
- Author
- Roe DA
- Address
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
- Source
- Drug Nutr Interact, 1988, 5:4, 195-203
- Abstract
- Elderly diabetics take more drugs than other
groups of elderly patients. Their multiple drug
use is largely explained by the drugs that they
take for complications of their primary disease;
these include cardiovascular drugs for
macrovascular disease and antibiotics for
secondary infections. They also take more drugs
for control of other conditions that are
etiologically associated with the development and
progression of their diabetes, including
antihypertensive agents, antilipemic agents and
steroids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), which are taken for relief of joint pain
that is intensified by arthritic joints bearing
excess weight. Drugs taken by elderly diabetics
that contribute to the high prevalence of
drug-nutrient interactions include those taken as
antidiabetic agents, including both insulin and
sulfonylureas as well as calcium channel blockers;
they also include thiazides, loop diuretics, sulfa
drugs, cephalosporin antibiotics, tetracyclines,
antifungal agents, cholestyramine and colestipol,
niacin, prednisone and other corticosteroids, and
NSAIDs. These drugs and drug combinations
contribute to the risk of hyperglycemia, which can
cause nonketotic hyperglycemia in the elderly; to
the risk of hypoglycemia, which in the elderly
carries the risk of inducing pseudo-stroke; to the
risk of drug-induced nutritional deficiencies from
antilipemics and cephalosporins, which can induce
vitamin K deficiency; to the risk of acute
incompatibility reactions, including flush
reactions from chlorpropamide, niacin, and calcium
channel blockers; and to the risk of edema,
anemia, and hyperkalemia from NSAIDs.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 89196223
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Diabetes Mellitus|*DT; Drug Therapy|*AE;
Nutrition|*DE
- MeSH Heading
- Aged; Clinical Protocols; Human; Risk Factors
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0272-3530
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 9 from
database: MEDLINE
Return
To Top
- Title
- Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a
preliminary report.
- Author
- Ward PE; Sutherland J; Glen EM; Glen AI
- Address
- Craig Dunain Hospital, Inverness, UK.
- Source
- Schizophr Res, 1998 Feb, 29:3, 269-74
- Abstract
- The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate a
potential skin test for schizophrenia based on the
effect of aqueous methyl nicotinate (AMN) on the
production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) from skin
macrophages and the resultant cutaneous capillary
vasodilatation. Four concentrations of AMN were
applied topically to the forearm skin in patients
and controls, and any resulting vasodilatation was
rated as redness after 5 min. The test was carried
out on 38 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed
according to DSM-III-R criteria, and 22 normal
control subjects. At all concentrations of AMN,
the schizophrenics were highly significantly
different from the controls. One concentration
gave the greatest degree of differentiation: at
this concentration at 5 min, 83% of schizophrenics
but only 23% of controls had a zero or minimal
response to AMN. The skin flushing seen after oral
administration of nicotinic acid is due to the
same reaction, and this has been normal in those
with affective illness and neurosis;
cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, e.g., aspirin, give a
false-positive result (failure of vasodilatation).
This result is consistent with the concept of
reduced membrane arachidonic acid levels in
schizophrenia. This test may contribute to the
reliable diagnosis of schizophrenia.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98177311
Return
To Top
- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Flushing|*CI/PP; Nicotinic Acids|*DU;
Schizophrenia|*DI/PP
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Arachidonic Acid|BL; Docosahexaenoic
Acids|BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;
Erythrocyte Membrane|ME; Feasibility Studies;
Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Pilot Projects;
Prostaglandin D2|ME; Psychiatric Status Rating
Scales; Reference Values; Sensitivity and
Specificity; Skin|BS; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;
Vasodilation|DE/PH
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0920-9964
- Country of Publication
- NETHERLANDS
|
